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Background: A high risk pregnancy is one in which mother, fetus or neonate is at increased risk of morbidity or mortality before or after delivery. Hence a relatively small percentage of high risk obstetric population gives rise to a disproportionately high percentage of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The perinatal outcome can be changed significantly by early detection and special intensive care to high risk pregnancies. Hence Identification of women at risk for these complicated pregnancies with poor outcome is fundamental to antenatal check-up.Methods: 86 high risk antenatal patients attending the outpatient department and labour room were recruited after informed consent.70 normal pregnancy was taken as control group. Perinatal outcomes were compared between high risk and normal pregnancies.Results: Adverse perinatal outcomes were more in high risk pregnancies as compared to normal pregnancies.Conclusions: This study emphasizes on pregnancy related complication leading to adverse perinatal outcome so evaluating patients for high risk factors, early diagnosis, proper antenatal care, prompt treatment, regular follow up, and timely management thus can improve maternal and perinatal outcome.
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Purpose: Blood stream infections (BSIs) are an importantcause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Continuous orintermittent presence of microorganisms in the circulating bloodis a danger to every organ in the body. BSIs range from selflimiting infections to life threatening sepsis requiring rapid andaggressive antimicrobial treatment.[1] Culture of blood is a vitaltool to diagnose such infections. Antibiotic susceptibilitypatterns help in rationalizing therapy.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine thebacteriological profile and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns ofisolates from blood stream infections.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective studyconducted from February 2018 to January 2019 at a tertiarycare hospital, RIMS, India. Blood samples were asepticallycollected and incubated in BD Bactec system, a fullyautomated blood culture system for detection of aerobic growthand incubated for 7 days at 37°C. Identification of microbialgrowth was done by standard methods (biochemical tests) andantibiotic sensitivity test was carried out by Kirby-Baur discdiffusion method as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Instituteguidelines (CLSI guidelines).Results: A total of 82 (28%) pathogens were isolated from 289bacteremia suspect patient blood specimens. Gram‑positivecocci (65.85%) were predominant organisms recoveredfollowed by Gram‑negative bacilli (34.15%). Staphylococcusaureus, Klebsiella spp and CoNS, were the primary pathogensisolated. Staphylococcus aureus (48%) was the predominantamong all. Glycopeptides, aminoglycosides, and carbapenems,were the most effective drugs for treating bacteremia.Conclusions: Early diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobialtreatment is the basis for the successful treatment of sepsis.The understanding of local bacteriological profile andantimicrobial susceptibility patterns may help the clinician inrationalizing the empirical treatment strategies.
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Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection israpidly increasing in world as well as in India since thedetection of first acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)case in Chennai in 1986. Having seroprevalence rate of lessthan 1%, India is considered as low prevalence country but dueto large population this low prevalence convert in a hugesubset of HIV positive people. Unfortunately India shares onethird of total HIV positive cases of the world. Estimating the HIVseroprevalence in a low risk population of pregnant womenprovides vital information for the successful implementation ofAIDS control program and also for monitoring trend of HIV ingeneral population. Therefore, screening of pregnant women inearly pregnancy may help in prompt counselling and therapy,thereby bringing down the mother to child transmission of HIVinfection.Objective: To determine the rate and trends of seroprevalenceof HIV among antenatal women.Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study conductedat PPTCT centre, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences(RIMS), Ranchi, a tertiary care referral hospital in Jharkhandstate of India from January 2014 to December 2016.The testswere done as per NACO guidelines using COMBAIDS-RSAdvantage-ST, HIV-1/2 TRISPOT and MERISCREEN HIV 1-2WB tests.Results: 19266 antenatal women were included in this study.Out of this 57 women were detected to be positive for HIV,accounting for 0.32% prevalence rate. HIV seroprevalenceamongst antenatal women is 0.32% which is in agreement withthe national projection (0.29% as per NACO annual report2014-2015). HIV seroprevalence rates showed a decreasingtrend from 0.32% in 2014 to 0.16% in 2016.Conclusion: Every antenatal woman should be screened forHIV. Appropriate antenatal screening, interventions andpreventive strategies might bring down the mother to childtransmission of HIV.
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Background: Diabetes mellitus has emerged as a major public health problem in our country, and our country has a distinction of having the largest number of diabetics in the world. Only a few epidemiologic studies have been done on the prevalence of skin disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus. Present study was conducted to study of cutaneous manifestations associated with diabetes mellitus at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: 200 patients with Diabetes Mellitus, visiting the Department of Medicine and Department of Dermatology (outpatient and inpatient) of Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, UP (India) during the period of 1 yr. from April 2015 to March 2016 were included in the study. Detailed history was taken as per proforma and patient investigated. Results: Maximum incidence was seen between 41-70 yrs. of age and in middle class. Infections and infestations were the commonest associations detected in 49.5% of cases out of which fungal infections were observed in majority of the cases (24.5%) followed by bacterial infection (15.5%) and viral infections (7.0%). Psoriasis and xerosis were detected in 6.0 % of cases each. Skin disease strongly associated with diabetes mellitus like vitiligo were observed in 3.5 % of cases. Conclusion: Skin lesions in Diabetes mellitus are sometimes mirror to an underlying disease process and they may be the first expression of the disease. Most of the diabetic patients who developed cutaneous manifestations were in the 41-70 year age group, and infections were the single largest type of involvement seen. Cutaneous lesions can serve as cutaneous markers for DM. These can be detected by a simple cutaneous examination. The commonly seen nonspecific skin manifestations can also be used as skin markers for DM. This can be especially useful in the rural areas where advanced facilities are often unavailable.
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Kindling, a sub threshold chemical or electrical stimulation, increases seizure duration and enhances accompanied behavior until it reaches a sort of equilibrium state. The present study aimed to explore the effect of curcumin on the development of kindling in PTZ kindled rats and its role in apoptosis and neuronal damage. In a PTZ kindled Wistar rat model, different doses of curcumin (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) were administrated orally one hour before the PTZ injections on alternate day during the whole kindling days. The following parameters were compared between control and experimental groups: the course of kindling, stages of seizures, Histopathological scoring of hippocampus, antioxidant parameters in the hippocampus, DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 expression in hippocampus, and neuron-specific enolase in the blood. One way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc analysis and Fischer’s Exact test were used for statistical analyses. PTZ, 30 mg/kg, induced kindling in rats after 32.0±1.4 days. Curcumin showed dose-dependent anti-seizure effect. Curcumin (300 mg/kg) significantly increased the latency to myoclonic jerks, clonic seizures as well as generalized tonic-clonic seizures, improved the seizure score and decreased the number of myoclonic jerks. PTZ kindling induced a significant neuronal injury, oxidative stress and apoptosis which were reversed by pretreatment with curcumin in a dose-dependent manner. Our study suggests that curcumin has a potential antiepileptogenic effect on kindling-induced epileptogenesis.